Project 2: Case Study: Islamic Architecture Buildings

Learning Outcomes:

•  Explain the spiritual and religious aspects of Islamic architecture 
• Understand the sense of places through patrons’ spiritual experience of Islamic architecture. 
• Describe the understanding of architectural language of the Islamic architectural development 
• Create on-line data account of the literature study and analysis of Islamic architecture 

Project 1: Research Time-line Analysis

Learning Outcomes:

• Analyze and discuss the relationship of the seven principles of Islamic architecture and the Islamic religious dogmas of faith with social, cultural, environmental and intellectual context of Islamic architecture throughout prominent Islamic periods 
• Differentiate the way in which many varied factors contribute to the development of Islamic architecture and urbanism. 
• Produce, illustratively, orally and in text, a critical chronology analysis interpretation of Islamic architecture and urbanism in relation to the fundamental of Islamic principles within the historical discourse of Islamic architecture. 
• A continuous chronology poster. 
• An on-line data account of the Islamic chronology analysis interpretation of Islamic architecture and urbanism which also contains references and bibliography. 

Online Reflection 2 and 3

7 Principles of Islamic Architecture

Seven Principles of Islamic Architecture is an exhibition that aims to illustrate the intrinsic relationship between Muslims, their beliefs and how these manifest themselves in everyday architecture. Islam embodies a way of life and serves as a cohesive force among ethnically and culturally diverse peoples. There is no essential difference between spiritual and secular art in Islam, allowing the virtues of Islamic architecture to transcend mere form and function.

1. Architecture as Tawhid: Unity & Uniquity of Allah 

- An Islamic building should focus on strengthening the bond between muslims within conformity of God's will

2. Architecture of Ihtiram: Respect 

- An Islamic building should represent Muslims respect and obedience to Allah 

3. Architecture with Ikhlas: Sincerity 

- A Muslim architect should show sincerity and purity in their design motivation, and built within conformity to God’s will 

4. Architecture as Pursuit of Ilm: Knowledge 

- An Islamic building celebrates knowledge through calligraphy of religious Inscriptions and uses light as an expression of knowledge. 

5. Architecture for Iqtisad: Balance 

- An Islamic building should have harmony between functional and spiritual elements 

6. Architecture of Haya’: Modesty 

- An Islamic building should be discreet and preserve the dignity of its owner or users. 

7. Architecture as Dikr: Remembrance 

- An Islamic building should be repetitive patterns aid to remembrance of Allah.

8. Architecture as Urf: Locality

-The architecture as Urf refers to the custom or knowledge of practices in a given society. It is a principle that reponded to the local context that adopted into the islamic architecture design.Urf is the diversifying principle that makes one building unique among each other.

Online Reflection 1

THE REVELATION OF ISLAM

Revelation is where God imparts whatever knowledge He wills to those whom He chooses to receive it.  God gives this knowledge to them in order for them to convey it to whomever else He wishes.

All the Messengers of God experienced revelation.  God says:

“Verily, We have sent Revelation to you (O Muhammad) as We have sent Revelation to Noah and the prophets who came after him.  We had sent revelation to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, the Tribes, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon.  And to David We gave the Psalms.  And Messengers We have told you about before, and Messengers We have not told you about – and to Moses We spoke directly.” (Quran 4:163)

The possibility of divine revelation cannot be denied by anyone who believes in the existence of God and in His omnipotence.  God maintains His creation in any manner that pleases Him.  The connection between the Creator and his Creation is by way of His Messengers, and these Messengers only know what God wants from them by way of revelation, either directly or indirectly.  The rational mind cannot dismiss the possibility of revelation, since nothing is difficult for the all-powerful Creator.

Five Pillars of Islam

1) Shahada: Testifying to God's One-ness:

• The declaration "There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet.

2) Salat: Prayer.

Five prayer times each day:

• early morning
• noon
• mid-afternoon
• sunset
• evening

3) Zakat: Giving charity.

Originally a free-will donation (what is no called Sadaqah).
Now largely compulsory.General rate: 2 1/2% of income annually.Given only to needy Muslims, or for religious purposes, etc.

4) Sawm: Fast

• In memory of the revelation of the Qur'an.
• During month of Ramadan, daylight hours.
• Those who have medical exemptions etc. should fast at another time.
• 'Id al-Fitr, Feast of Fast-breaking: at beginning of next month

5) Hajj: Pilgrimage.

• Every Muslim man and woman (if physically and economically able) should try to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life-time.
• Egalitarian atmosphere, Ihram:
• donning of simple white garments.
• Refraining from sex, haircuts, jewelry, arguing, etc.
• Importance of the Ka'ba, associations with Abraham, Hagar Ishmael and Muhammad.